Please check out our comprehensive review article on the state of knowledge on Halogen Radicals and remaining key knowledge gaps.
Zhang K and Parker KM*. Halogen radical oxidants in natural and engineered aquatic systems, Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52 (17), 9579-9594. (Full text)
Halogen Radicals & the Roles of Halides in Photochemistry

Seawater Photochemistry
Along with sodium, halides (i.e. chloride, Cl¯, and bromide, Br¯) are the dominant constituents of sea salt. Despite the importance of sunlight photochemistry in halide-containing waters, the role of halides in photochemical reactions was previously not well understood. Dr. Parker’s work demonstrated that halides have an important role in seawater photochemistry, particularly through the photogeneration of halogen radical oxidants (e.g. Reactive Halogen Species, RHS).
Related Publications
Zhang K and Parker KM*. Halogen radical oxidants in natural and engineered aquatic systems, Environmental Science & Technology, 2018, 52 (17), 9579-9594. (Full text)
Parker KM, Reichwaldt E, Ghadouani A, Mitch WA. Halogen Radicals Promote the Photodegradation of Microcystins in Estuarine Systems.Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50 (16), 8505-8513. (Full text)
- Selected as Environmental Science & Technology’s Best Science Paper of 2016 (link).
Parker KM, Mitch WA. Halogen radicals contribute to photooxidation in coastal and estuarine waters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2016, 113 (21), 5868-5873. (Full text)
- News Feature: Stanford News, May 9, 2016 (link)
Parker KM, Pignatello JJ, Mitch WA. Influence of ionic strength on triplet-state natural organic matter loss by energy transfer and electron transfer pathways. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47 (19), 10987-10994. (Full text)
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